I. Write short notes on the following: 5x5=25
1. How are new words formed through affixation and compounding? Give examples of both.
Affixation is the process of forming a new word by adding a prefix or suffix to an existing word. For example, by adding the prefix "un-" to the word "happy," we get the word "unhappy." Similarly, by adding the suffix "-ly" to the word "quick," we get the word "quickly." Compounding is the process of combining two or more words to form a new word. For example, by combining the words "book" and "shelf," we get the word "bookshelf." Another example is the word "toothpaste," which is formed by combining the words "tooth" and "paste."
2. Describe the various steps involved in the process approach to writing.
The process approach to writing involves a series of steps that a writer can follow to produce a well-organized and coherent piece of writing. The steps include prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing. In the prewriting phase, the writer generates ideas, organizes them, and develops a plan for the writing. In the drafting phase, the writer writes the first draft, using the plan developed in the prewriting phase. In the revising phase, the writer reads and evaluates the first draft, making changes as necessary to improve the content, organization, and style. In the editing phase, the writer focuses on correcting errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling. Finally, in the publishing phase, the writer shares the finished piece of writing with an audience.
3. Explain with suitable examples, how diagrams can be used to organize notes.
Diagrams can be used to organize notes by visually representing the relationships between ideas. One common type of diagram is a mind map, which consists of a central idea or topic surrounded by related subtopics or ideas. For example, if a writer is planning to write about the benefits of exercise, they might create a mind map with "Exercise" at the center, and subtopics like "Physical health," "Mental health," and "Social benefits" branching out from the center. Another type of diagram is a flowchart, which shows a sequence of steps or events. For example, if a writer is planning to write about the process of making a sandwich, they might create a flowchart with steps like "Gather ingredients," "Prepare bread," "Add fillings," and "Toast sandwich."
4. What aspects should be considered while writing a process analysis?
When writing a process analysis, the writer should consider several aspects to ensure that the writing is clear and easy to follow. First, the writer should define the process being analyzed and provide any necessary background information. Then, the writer should break the process down into a series of steps, using clear and concise language. Each step should be presented in a logical sequence and include any necessary details or explanations. The writer should also consider including visual aids, such as diagrams or photographs, to help clarify the process. Finally, the writer should review and revise the writing to ensure that it is accurate, complete, and easy to follow.
5. How can cohesive devices be used to bring about coherence in a paragraph? Give suitable examples.
Cohesive devices are words or phrases that are used to link sentences or paragraphs together, creating a sense of coherence and flow. Examples of cohesive devices include pronouns (such as "it" or "they"), conjunctions (such as "and" or "but"), and transitional phrases (such as "in addition" or "however"). For example, consider the following paragraph:
"I love to read. Reading allows me to escape into different worlds and explore new ideas. It also helps me relax and unwind at the end of a long day."
In this paragraph, the use of the pronoun "it" in the second sentence links back to the subject of the first sentence ("reading"), while the transitional phrase "also" in the third sentence signals a continuation of the same idea. Together, these cohesive devices help to create a coherent and connected paragraph.
SECTION B
II. Answer the following in around 150 words each: 10x4 = 40
1. What strategies would you adopt to become a critical reader?
a. Active Reading: Active reading involves engaging with the text, asking questions, and analyzing the material critically. One should look for the author's purpose, arguments, and evidence and evaluate them critically.
b. Annotating: Annotating involves taking notes, underlining, highlighting, or circling key ideas, and summarizing the text's main points.
c. Questioning: Critical readers should ask themselves questions about the text and seek answers. They should question the author's arguments, assumptions, and evidence.
d. Seeking multiple perspectives: Critical readers should seek multiple perspectives on the text, including different authors, viewpoints, and genres.
e. Evaluating the author's credibility: Critical readers should evaluate the author's credibility and check their sources to ensure they are reliable and accurate.
2. What are the probable hard-spots in English Grammar, for those who learn English as a second language?
Some of the probable hard-spots in English Grammar for those who learn English as a second language include:
a. Articles: The use of articles (a, an, the) can be challenging because they are not used in the same way in all languages.
b. Tenses: English has many tenses, and the correct usage of each can be difficult to master.
c. Prepositions: Prepositions are used in a variety of ways in English and can be challenging for non-native speakers to learn.
d. Sentence structure: English has a complex sentence structure, which can be challenging to master, especially for those coming from languages with a different sentence structure.
3. How is persuasive writing different from argumentative writing? Illustrate your answer with examples of both.
Persuasive writing aims to persuade the reader to take a particular action or adopt a particular viewpoint. It is focused on appealing to the emotions of the reader and presenting an argument in a way that is easy to understand. For example, an advertisement that tries to convince someone to buy a particular product is persuasive writing.
Argumentative writing, on the other hand, is focused on presenting a logical argument and using evidence to support a particular claim or viewpoint. It aims to convince the reader that a particular point of view is the correct one. For example, an essay that presents evidence to support a particular political stance is argumentative writing.
4. Briefly describe the three major types of study skills and show how they help us to become better learners.
a. Cognitive skills: These are the mental processes that help us to understand, learn, and remember new information. Examples include reading, note-taking, and critical thinking.
b. Meta-cognitive skills: These are the skills that help us to manage our own learning, including goal setting, time management, and self-assessment.
c. Affective skills: These are the emotional and motivational factors that influence learning, such as motivation, confidence, and stress management. Developing these skills can help us to become better learners by improving our ability to focus, understand, and retain information.
SECTION C
III. 1. Write a paragraph of about 150 words on the topic given below.
Underline the topic sentence after writing the paragraph.
“Protecting our cultural heritage: aspects to be considered.” 15
Protecting our cultural heritage is of utmost importance. Our cultural heritage encompasses everything from art, music, literature, architecture, and historical artifacts. Therefore, it is imperative to protect and preserve it for future generations. One aspect to be considered when protecting our cultural heritage is the need for adequate funding. Proper funding ensures that preservation and restoration work can be carried out effectively. Another aspect to be considered is the need for collaboration between the government and the community. This collaboration can lead to more effective policies that take into account the concerns and ideas of the community. Additionally, education and awareness are critical in preserving cultural heritage. People need to understand the value of their heritage and the need to preserve it. Finally, proper maintenance and upkeep of cultural sites and artifacts are essential to prevent their degradation. Therefore, protecting our cultural heritage requires careful planning and management, adequate funding, community involvement, education, and awareness.
Topic sentence: Protecting our cultural heritage is of utmost importance.
2. Write a well - developed composition on the topic given below:
“Importance of providing skills training to students in Indian higher education .”
Your composition should have a clear introduction, body and conclusion. 20
Introduction:
Higher education plays a critical role in shaping the future of students in India. It provides them with the necessary knowledge and skills to succeed in their chosen field. However, the current education system in India is primarily theoretical and does not prepare students for the practical challenges of the workplace. To address this issue, it is important to provide skills training to students in higher education. This essay will examine the importance of skills training for Indian students in higher education and discuss the benefits it can offer.
Body:
Skills training is critical in preparing students for the workforce. With the increasing complexity of the job market, it is no longer enough to have just theoretical knowledge. Practical skills are equally important, and students need to be equipped with the latest skills required by employers. By providing skills training in higher education, students can gain exposure to real-life scenarios and develop the practical skills necessary to succeed in their chosen career.
Skills training in higher education can also lead to increased employability for students. The current job market in India is highly competitive, and employers are looking for candidates who possess the necessary skills to hit the ground running. Skills training can give students the competitive edge they need to succeed in the job market. Moreover, it can help to bridge the gap between academia and the workplace, ensuring that students are better prepared for the challenges they will face.
Skills training can also benefit the economy. With the right skills, students can become entrepreneurs and start their own businesses, thereby creating employment opportunities for others. This can lead to economic growth and help to reduce the unemployment rate in the country.
Providing skills training in higher education can also help to address the issue of brain drain. Many students leave the country in search of better opportunities abroad. By providing skills training, students can develop the necessary skills and knowledge to succeed in the country, thereby reducing the brain drain and contributing to the growth and development of the nation.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, skills training is essential in Indian higher education. It is critical in preparing students for the workforce and increasing their employability. Moreover, it can benefit the economy and help to reduce the issue of brain drain. Therefore, it is imperative for policymakers to make skills training a priority in higher education. By doing so, they can ensure that the future generation of Indian students is better equipped to succeed in the dynamic and ever-evolving job market.